
Author profile
Donnie Yap
Founder & Research Lead, ORBIT
Donnie leads ORBIT’s research on restaurant psychology, customer choice, competition and market intelligence. His background spans applied R&D, engineering and product development, including advanced communications and 6G prototype work.
He holds an MSc in Communication Systems from the University of Surrey. At ORBIT, he applies the same research discipline to a different problem: why people choose one restaurant, reject another, behave differently across occasions, and sometimes never convert from interest into a visit.
Background
Published in ORBIT Library
Research & articles by Donnie Yap
Restaurant psychology & customer choice
Research on how people choose, reject, review and experience restaurants.
What diners actually remember, and why negative moments, peaks and endings can carry very different weight.
How empty rooms, visible crowds and queues become information before a customer tastes the food.
What choice overload research actually says about menu size, uncertainty, time pressure and the middle option.
Familiarity can make a restaurant easier to choose, but repetition can also create satiation and variety seeking.
Group restaurant choice involves vetoes, compromise, travel constraints and social influence that individual choice can miss.
Most diners never leave a review. That means your review page is useful, but it is not a random sample of everyone who visited, let alone everyone who considered your restaurant.
Strong reviews tell you something important about people who visited. They do not fully explain the people who considered your restaurant and chose somewhere else.
Parking can change where people eat. But the real issue is usually not the number of bays. It is the time, money and uncertainty customers expect before they reach your door.
Before taste, price or reviews matter, some diners first need to know whether the restaurant fits their food rules. Recent research shows why unclear information can become a decision barrier.
A 2026 study of Google Maps restaurant reviews found that ratings were lower when diners reported spending above the platform-listed reference price. The researchers used that listed price as an observable benchmark for expected price.
A star rating summarises feedback from people who reviewed the restaurant. Busyness reflects a much wider system of demand, choice, convenience, capacity and repeat behaviour.
A Google Maps view means someone saw your Business Profile. It does not mean they chose the restaurant, requested directions or visited.
Customers do not always choose between restaurants that look similar to operators. They choose between the alternatives that can solve the same dining decision.
Restaurant choice is rarely one factor. Customers discover options, remove poor fits, compare a smaller set and choose what feels right for the occasion.
Competition, pricing & demand
Practical decision research on competitors, pricing, marketing and demand.
There is no single percentage that fits every restaurant. A useful budget starts with the problem you are trying to solve, the customer behaviour you want to change and the evidence that marketing can actually move it.
Views, likes and followers measure attention. Your restaurant still has to survive the customer’s next comparison before that attention becomes a visit.
More marketing helps when the problem is insufficient discovery. It is much less useful when customers already see you and reject the restaurant later in the decision.
A sales decline is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Before changing your marketing, pricing or promotions, work out which part of the commercial picture actually changed.
Your real competitor is not simply the restaurant next door or the one serving the same cuisine. It is any credible alternative that can win the same customer decision.
Price can absolutely affect restaurant choice. Slow sales still do not prove that your menu is too expensive.
Market shifts & virality
Research on food virality, diffusion, trends and demand signals in Malaysia.
A post can win the feed and still lose the restaurant decision.
A creator is one ignition route. Utility, identity, customer discovery and repeatable participation can start the loop without a formal influencer campaign.
Many breakouts are not completely new foods. They are familiar enough to understand instantly and different enough to justify attention.
What “viral” actually means, what causes a food phenomenon to break out, and which patterns survive deeper scrutiny.
The most useful transition may be when people stop being shown a restaurant and start looking for it.
A queue can be social proof, a promotion artefact, a capacity bottleneck or genuine excess demand. Those are not the same thing.
The common pattern is not one ingredient or visual trick. It is a combination of clear value, low comprehension friction and easy social reproduction.
The useful research window is not the peak. It is the period when a small signal starts becoming independent demand.
A million-view post, a three-hour queue and an entire food category spreading are not the same thing.
Reach tells you how many people saw something. Virality asks whether attention keeps reproducing after the original push.
Most winners are a mix of both.
Watch costly behaviour, not views alone.
There is no useful single average until you decide what is ending: attention, queues, sellers or the category itself.
Trust, language, access and cross-cluster escape.
A familiar dim-sum flavour inside a croissant became an unusually clear example of legible recombination, blogger ignition and scarcity amplification.
The virality was not only a drink. It became a location, a comparison culture and a dense category cluster.
A creator-led category obsession became a constrained pop-up, hours-long queues and a permanent restaurant commitment.
Before TikTok, burger bakar showed the same pattern: social buzz, long queues, exaggerated product cues, copycats and eventual shakeout.
One creator can create the spark. The harder question is whether the attention escapes the creator.
Imported trends are highly visible, but local venue and category breakouts show that foreign origin is not a requirement.